双语微党课 | 红军的反“围剿”斗争

个人信息

姓名：文艳

政治面貌：中共预备党员

院系及专业：外文学院2020级英语（师范）专业

担任职务：曾任大学生就业创业实践会主席、班级学习委员

获奖记录：

1.获2021-2022优秀共青团员

2.获2022年广东第二师范学院第八届大学生职业规划大赛一等奖

3.获2022年“挑战杯·创青春”广东大学生创业大赛校内赛银奖

With the KMT ruling clique galled by the tenacity and the rapid growth of the Red Army and the revolutionary bases, Chiang Kai-shek concentrated his forces to launch several encirclement and suppression campaigns against the Red Army in the base areas.

红军和根据地的顽强存在和迅速发展，使国民党统治集团感到震惊。蒋介石集中兵力向各根据地和红军发动了多次大规模“围剿”。

The focus of the KMT army’s encirclement and suppression campaigns was the central revolutionary base area and the First Front Army of the Red Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De.Beginning in October 1930, Chiang gathered over 100,000 troops to mount the first encirclement and suppression drive against the central revolutionary base area. The First Front Army, a force of more than 40,000 servicemen adopted a tactic of luring the enemy deep into its territory, which allowed it to wipe out 13,000 enemy troops and smash the first encirclement and suppression campaign.

国民党军队“围剿”的重点是中央革命根据地和毛泽东、朱德率领的红一方面军。1930年10月起，蒋介石调集10 万多人，发动对中央革命根据地的第一次“围剿”。红一方面军4万多人，采取“诱敌深入”的作战方针，歼敌1.3万人，成功打破国民党军队的第一次“围剿”。

Not long after this first success for the Red Army, Chiang Kai-shek launched a second encirclement and suppression campaign against the central revolutionary base area with 200,000 servicemen under his command.

The First Front Army of the Red Army stuck to the tactic of luring the enemy deep into the base. From May 16 to 31, 1931, the Red Army won five successive battles in, sweeping across 350 kilometers of territory from the sides of the Gan River in Jiangxi Province to Jianning County in Fujian Province to eliminating over 30,000 enemy troops. The second of the MTS’s encirclement and suppression campaigns had been repulsed and the central revolutionary base area further expanded. In his triumphant poem, Mao Zedong vividly illustrated the inspiring victory, “In fifteen days we have marched seven hundred li / Crossing misty Gan River and green Fujian hills / Rolling back the enemy like a mat.”

不久，蒋介石又指挥20万军队，对中央革命根据地发动第二次“围剿”。红一方面军仍坚持“诱敌深入”方针，1931年5月16日至31日，连打5个胜仗，横扫700里，自赣江之畔直达福建建宁，共歼敌3万多人，打破了国民党军队的第二次“围剿”，进一步扩大了中央革命根据地。“七百里驱十五日，赣水苍茫闽山碧，横扫千军如卷席。”毛泽东气势磅礴的诗句，生动地记述了这一鼓舞人心的胜利。

In June 1931, Chiang Kai-shek personally took up the post of commander-in-chief of the encirclement and suppression army and mobilized 300,000 troops in a third attempt. Within three months, the First Front Army of the Red Army had wiped out over 30,000 enemy troops and defeated the third campaign. Soon after, the southern Jiangxi and western Fujian base areas were joined together to cover an area of more than twenty counties.

6月间，蒋介石自任“围剿”军总司令，调集30万人，发动第三次“围剿”。红一方面军历时3个月，歼敌3万多人，粉碎了国民党军队第三次“围剿”。此后，赣南、闽西两块根据地基本连成一片，扩大到跨20余县的广大地区。

On December 14, 1931, feeling the pressure of Red Army victories, a mass of over 17,000 men from the 26th Route Army of the KMT army defected to the Red Army in Ningdu County, Jiangxi. They were reorganized as the Fifth Army Group of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. The event sent shock waves through the KMT army.

受红军胜利的影响，国民党军第二十六路军1.7万余人于1931年12月14日在江西宁都起义，改编为中国工农红军第五军团，在国民党军队中引起很大震动。